lanham



WITNESSES C. P. LANHAM. MECHANICAL STARTER FOR EXPLOSION ENGINES.

APPLICAT ION FILED APR. 19, 1919- INVENTOR ATTORN EY C P. LANHAM. v MECHANICAL STARTER FOR EXPLOSION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 19, 19l9.

PatentedSept. 9,1919 1 INYENTgR,

WITNESSES ATTORNEY THE COLUMBIA I'LANoanAml C0,, WASHINGTON, p c.

C.P.LANHAM. v MECHANICAL smmn roe sxmosww enemas.

APPLICATION HLED APR- 19; 1919. 1 3 1 5, 5 1 9 Patented Sept. v.9; 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

. Q s N r {ME- JWWW ' INVENTOR WITNESSES CffiLczrz/mzw, I

ATI'ORN EY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE;

CLARENCE P. LANI'IAIVIy OF CHICAGO, I LLINOIS.

MECHANICAL STARTER FOR EXPLOSION-ENGINES.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be. it known that I, CLARENCE P. LAN- HAM, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, haveinvented anew and useful Mechanical Starter for Explosion- Engines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to mechani cal starters for explosion engines, and its object is to provide mechanism whereby the engine may be readily started by afperson in the operators seat, thereby doing away with the necessity of using the ordinary starting crank. The inventlon is designed particularly for installation and use in connection with the Ford automobile, or is adjustable to anymotor power driven vehiole.

In accordance with the invention, there. is provided on the crank shaft o=fthe engine a clutch structure and this clutch structure is under the control. of a system of levers and connections therefrom to the clutch, whereby a plurality ofsources ofpower may be simultaneously applied to the crank shaft of the engine to impart thereto the initial or starting impulse, or a repetition of such impulses should it be necessary. A

The arrangement is such that the starting impulse may be imparted to the engine by the hand of the operator, by the foot of the operator and by a spring in which power is stored in the initial movement of the starter and while the latter is doing no starting work. The spring-aids in the starting and also holds the various parts under tension, thereby eliminating looseness of connection and all noise which might occur be cause of such looseness.

The invention will be best understood from a consideration of the following cletailed description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings forming part of this specification, with the understanding, however, that the inventionis not confined to any strict. conformity with the showing of the drawings, but? may be changed and modified so long as such changes and modifications inark no mate rial departure from the salient features 1. of the invention as expressed in theappended claims. l y

In the drawings a F'gure 1 is a perspective view of the for- 3 Specification of Letters Patent PatentedSept. 9, 1919.

Application filed April 19, 1919. Serial n6. 291,343.

ward end of a motor vehicle with the startmg mechanism applied thereto, parts of the vehicle being broken away to disclose the starting mechanismqf i Fig. 2 is a plan View of the starting structure shown 'inFig. 1, certain parts of the vehicle only being shown. i

Fig. 3 is a perspective View of the chain and pull-rod arrangement used in the starter.

Fig. A is a cross section through thevehicle frame and through one of the floor boardsand also showing a bracket for carrying the hand operating lever and serving as a support for the floor board shown in the figure.

Fig. Sis a front elevation of the clutch mechanism and fan belt pulley. i i

Fig. dis a section on the line 6-6 of Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 is a section on the line T of Fig. 6, but showing the parts in the same open atlve position as shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 8. is aview similar to Fig. 7, but showing the position of the parts in the normal or inoperative position.

Fig. 9 is a longitudinal section of a contractible portion of a chain used in the structure, the chain itself being shown in elevation. i

Referring to the drawings, there is shown a motor vehicle 1 provided with an engine 2 and. a chassis frame 8, all of which may be of known construction and hence needs no particular description. Fast at the ends to the side bars of the chassis 3 is a bracket a rising toward the mid-portion of the bracketand there approaching oneof the floor boards 5 in front ofthe operators seat so as to constitute a support for such board, thereby correspondingly strengthening the floor board, Mounted between ears6, projecting from the bracket 4, or in other suit able manner, i a hand lever 'Lthe oivotal support of the lever represented by t e ears 6, being substantially.coincident in height withthe floor board so that only a small opening is necessary for the projection of the lever through the floor board. The lever is an upstanding lever and is provided with a lower arms of relatively short length extending downwardly below the crown of the bracket 4t. The short arm 8 of thelever is made fast at one endto a spring 9, the other end of which may be made fastito some above the floor board in a pedal 23.

'hicle than the bracket 4 is another bracket 10 which may also be made fast to the side bars'of the chassis but which bracket projects. oppositely with respect to the bracket 4, that is, the bracket 10 is a depending bracket while the bracket 4 is an upstanding bracket. About midway of the length of the bracket 10 there is pivoted to it a lever 11 extending transversely of the vehicle. The lever 11 may be pivoted to the bracket 10 by a bolt 12 and the bolt may be utilized to secure one end of a brace 13 to the bracket 10, the other end of the brace being secured to the bracket 4.

The short end 8 of the lever 7 is connected to one end of the lever 11 by a link 14, which link includes a turnbuckle l5'to per mit adjustment of the effective length of the link. The other end of the lever 11 is connected to one end of a rod 16, which, because of its function, may be called a pull rod. The rod 16 includes a turnbuckle 17 whereby the effective length of the rod may vary 'as'the occasion demands. Connected to the lever, 11 is another rod 18 leading forwardly of the machine to an angle arm 19 projecting to one side of a pivotal support 20 for 'a foot lever 21, which latter is suitably bent to project through one ofthe fioor boards 22 of the vehicle and terminates The lever21 is so shaped and disposed that the pedal 23 is in engagement with the floor board22 when the lever 7 is in its retracted or normal position under the pull of the spring 9. The floor board 22 is therefore ordinarily held in position by the lever 21 and its pedal extremity 23.

Secured to the forward portion of the machine under the hood is a bracket 24 uprising from the basic portion of the engine to one side thereof and rendered firm and rigid by a brace 25. The upper end of the bracket or support 24 is provided with a head 26 carrying pulleys 27, 28 respectively. Extending over the pulley 27 is a chain29 fast at one end to the pull rod 16. Also fastened to the pull rod 16 and including an extension spring 30 is another cnaln 31 passed about a pulley 32 ona post 33 carried by the brace 25. The chain 31 ex tends from the pulley '32 to the pulley 28. The spring 30 is-traversed by the chain 31 and is fast at the ends to the chain normally holding that portion of the chain 31 passing through it in a slack condition (see Fig. 9). The engine 2 is provided with a main or crank shaft 34 as is customary in engines of the type to which the invention is applied. Mounted on the outer end of-the shaft isa sleeve 35 formed at its outer extremity with a circular series of teeth 36 suitably undercut to receive a pin 37 on the adjacent engl of a crank handle 38 of usual type. The sleeve 35 has applied thereto a belt pulley 38 held to the sleeve with the latter held to the shaft 34 by a pin 39 traversing the several parts and in turn held in place by a cotter pin 40 or other suitable means.

At the rear end the sleeve 35 is provided with a circular series of outstanding ratchet teeth 41, on opposite sides of which flat annular plates 42 are applied. Between the plates 42 there is located an incomplete ring 43 with the plates 42 and ring 43 held together by rivets 44 or in any suitable manner. Pivoted to the plates 42 in the space between the ends of the incomplete ring43 is a pawl 44. The pivot of the pawl is at one end and the pawl is provided with an engaging tooth 45 at the other end. The pawl also has an offset 46 projecting beyond the pa ripheral portion of the connected parts surrounding the ratchet teeth, these parts being capable of partial rotative movement and serving as a pawl carrier. The plates 42 have matching cars 47 between which the chain 31 is secured by means of pins 48. That end of the chain 29 remote from the pull rod 16 is connected to the offset portion 46 of the pawl 44.

The position of the parts of the clutch when the dog 44 takes hold of a tooth .41 to propel the engine shaft is shown in Fig. 7. The dog or pawl reaches this point from the position shown in Fig. 8 and as soon as strain is put upon the chain 29 the offset 46 causes the dog to be forcibly driven into the space between two teeth and there positively held by the strain under which the dog is put so that there is no possibility of slipping. There is no lost motion and the harder the dog is pulled by the chain 29 the more firmly it seats in the bottom of the notch between two teeth.

The pull on the dog is practically all sustained by the dog itself between the tooth and the point at which the chain is connected. No material strain is exerted upon the pivot by which the dog is secured to the clutch. Ultimately the dog 44 reaches a position approaching that shown in Fig. 3 and then the pull by the chain on the dog is such as to move the tooth of the dog out of the notch with which it was engaging. or the same result is attained by the startin of the engine. Should the engine start.- promptly, this will occur before the full stroke of the lever 7 is accomplished and then the teeth 41 will ride under the tooth 45, the spring 30 introducing into the line of the chain 31 a sui'licient degree of elasticity to permit such movement of the ratchet teeth under the pawl. The spring 30 also provides the element of elasticity, permitting the tooth 45 of the dog 44 to ride over the teeth 41 while the starter is being; inidaily, set, that is, the dog 44 with the chain 29 being drawn from the position shown in Fig. 8 to that shown in Fig. 7 preparatory to imparting an impulse to the crank shaft.

The lower end 8 of the lever 7 has .a bend in it, this having been found advantageous in the actual operation of the device. Furthermore, the evener lever 11 is shown as straight, this also having been found advantageous in actual practice.

The spring 9 is made sufliciently powerful to of itself return all the parts to the first or normal position after having been displaced therefrom and this spring maintains the dog or pawl 44 out of engagement/with the teet except when purposely moved into engagement with the teeth by the forward actuation of the lever 7. s j i j i Carried within reach ofthe operator of the vehicle is a priming rod 49 which may be extended through the dash of the vehicle and connected to a rock shaft50 on the front wall of the dash and this rock shaft is connected by a link 51 to an angle lever 52 by means ofwhich theprimingside of the carburet-er may be operated. Sinceit is sometimes necessary to crank the engine by means of the crank handle 38* the usual prim ng wire 53 is carried to the front of the engine as is customary. a 1

The whole starter structure is capable of attachment to the automobile, without any change whatsoever in the vehicle, all parts which must be fastened to the vehicle and which are not made fast to other parts of the starter, being so constructed that they may replace parts already in existence on the vehicle or be secured to the vehicle, by bolts or other fastening devices customarily present on the vehicle. The'turnbuckles 15 and 17 are used for adjustments which may be found to be necessary and when these parts have been roperly adjusted the turnbuckles may be secured against disturbance by lock nuts 54, one of which is shown as applied to the turnbuckle 15. i

With the parts all properly installed and adjusted and it is desired to start the engine, the operator pushes forwardly 'on the lever 7 This results in stretching the spring 9 and actuating the lever 11 so as to push the rod 16 forwardly, pulling on the chain 31 through the intermediary of the spring 30. The result isthat a turnmg 1mpulse isgiven to the rotatable pawlcarrler made up of the plates-42 and r1ng43, the direction of rotation 1 being counter-clockwise asviewed in Figs 8, and the pull of the lever 7 being through the chain 31. The same movement acts through the lever 11 and rod 18 to actuate the pedal leverr 21 in a directionto raisethe pedal 23 toward the operator, the movement of the pedal being toward the rear of the vehicle. The operator now places the foot uponithe pedal,

ulling back upon the lever 7 and pushing orward upon the pedal 23 simultaneously. This movement is assisted by the spring 9, which had been previously stretched on pushing the lever forwardly, so that there is atriple exertion of force upon the crank shaft-of: the engine, the "movement being along the pull rod 16 directly through the chain 29 and through the awl 44 to the ratchet teeth 41, propelling t e ratchet teeth and the main shaft 34 to which these teeth are fixedly connected. 1 The direction of propulsionof thecrank shaft is clockwise, this being the running direction of the engine. The extent of rotative movement of the engine shaft is somewhat more than a half turn and in most cases the engine starts under the one impulse, since it is usual for the engine to start ona quarter turn. When the engine has started, if such starting be on the firstimpulse, the lever is drawn back to its first position, this permitting the pedal 23 to move into engagement with the board 22, thus holding the board in place. Should it occur that the engine fails to start on the first impulse, a second or third impulse may be given to theengine, and, if need be, the engine may be primed. 1 g

The clutch ratchet structure, comprising the teeth 41 and pawl 44, is a one-way clutch rotating the crank shaft only in the active direction. 1 On thereturn or setting movement the clutch is inactive to the crank shaft: y a

The arrangement ofthe hand lever and foot pedal or lever is such thatas to provide large leverage conduciveto starting the engine with relatively little effort. 1 The movement of the hand lever and pedal are natural movements, being made simultaneously in opposite directions and both movements contribute, to the actuation 'of the starter through the push rod 16' with the latter moving rearwardly. The levers and connections are so arranged and proportioned with reference to the crank shaft of the engine that a movement ofithe hand lever over a; distance of twenty inches, in an actual construction, will turn the engine past two compressions. With the ordinary hand crank it is necessary to move thelatter about fifty-three inches. With, the same linear speed of the parts grasped by the hand the starter has the advantage of moving the crank shaft of the engine about tw ce as fast as when moved by the usual starting crank. 1 a

This application is a continuation of my application for a starter for automobiles,

Serial Number 158,685, filed March 30, 1917,

gines, comprising a clutch mounted on the crank shaft of the engine, a chain for actuating the clutch, a-hand levjer, connections between theha-nd lever- 'andthechain,

gines, comprising a clutch for connection to the crank 1 shaft of the engine, chain means for actuating the clutch, a hand lever and a pedal both wvithinreach of anoperator and simultaneously movable in opposite directions, and connections from the hand lever and pedal to 'thech'a'in whereby the latter may be caused *to actuate the "clutch by simultaneouslyapplied and oppositely di rectedforces;

' 8. A starter for automobile explosion engines, comprising-a clutch for connection to the crank shaft of the engine, chain'means for-actuating the clutch, a hand lever and a-pedal both Within reach of air-operator and simultaneously movable in opposite directions, and connections from the hand leverand pedal to the chain whereby the latter may be caused 'toact'uate the 'c'lutcirhy simultaneously applied and oppositely directed forces, said. starter also including a 'sprin'gconneeted to the 'han'd flever tobe put under tensionby movement'of-the latter oppositely to its active movement and-con tributing to the propelling forces for actively moving the clutch.

4. The combination With the-cra1ik5shaft ofan explosion engine, of a clutch mounted on said shaft, a chain passed around said clutch for operating the same, a pair of pulleys around which said chain is passed, a separate pulleyfor said chain spaced from the 'pair of pulleys-and located rearvvardly of *the'latter, a longitudinally movable rod to which said chain is connected, and manually operable means for actuating the rod. I

5. The combination with the crankshaft of an engine, of a clutch mounted on said shaft, a chain passed around said clutchfor operatingthe same, pulleys for guiding the chain, a longitudinally movable-rod to which the jchain is connected, a lever arranged transversely in a' substantially horizontal position and to which lever the rear 'end "of said -rod is eonne'cted, a hand*lever connected to said transverse lever for actuating it, and a spring connected to saidhand flever. 6. The combinat-ion-With starting mechanism mounted upon the crankshaft of an engine,-of an intern'iediately pivoted lever, means for connecting one arm 1 of saidl ever to said starting mechanism, a hand lever connected to said intermediately pivoted lever atone-side of the pivot thereof, a foot lever connected to the first-named lever at the other side of said "pivot, and a tension means for said levers.

7. The combination With starting mechanism mounted upon the crank shaft of an engine, of an intermediately pivoted lever arranged transversely of the machine and movable'in a substantially horizontal plane, means for connecting said lever at one side of its pivot to said mechanism to operate the same, a foot lever connected to said intermediately pivoted lever at the-sameside of said pivot as said connecting means is attached, a hand lever connected to said inter mediately pivoted lever at the opposite side ofsaid-pivot, and a spring connected to said hand: lever and imparting tension to the operate the latter, a foot lever connected to said intermediately pivoted lever at the same side of said pivot as said connecting means, a hand lever connected to said intermediately pivoted lever at the opposite side of said pivot, and a spring connected to said hand lever-andimparting tension to the hand lever, the intermediately pivoted lever and thefoot lever and through the intermediately pivoted'lever to the means for operating-the starting mechanism, said hand lever being movable to raise the foot lever, whereupon the foot lever and hand lever ma y'then be moved in opposite directions to actuate the startingmeehanisn'i.

"9. In a starterfor an automobile explosion engine having a crank shaft, a clutch 'rotatable'around said crank shaft in one -direction and adapted to grip the shaft when rotated in the opposite direction, a

chain engaging the clutch, and means for actuating -'the chain comprising a lever pivoted i-n'termediately of 'its-endson a vertical axis and extendingtransversely of the vehicle, a rod attached at one end to said lever and at its opposite end to said chain,

a hand 'lever pivoted intermediately of its ends ad acent to its lower end to the framework of the vehicle on a horizontal transverselyeXtending axis, and a connectingrod between the lower end of the hand lever and the remamln end of the first-named lever.

10. Ina starter for an automobile explosion engine-having a crank shaft, a clutch rotatable around the crank shaft in one direction and adapted to grip said crank shaft when rotated in the opposite direction, a chain for actuating said clutch, and means for actuating the chain comprising a lever pivoted intermediately of its ends on a vertical axis and extending transversely, a connecting rod pivoted at one end to one end of the lever and connected at its opposite end to the chain, a hand lever having a supporting connection to the framework of the ve hicle intermediate of its ends, said connection including a bracket immediately under lying and supporting a portion of the floor of the vehicle, and aconnecting rod between the lower end of the hand lever and the other end of the first-mentioned lever.

11. In a starter for an automobile explosion engine having a crank shaft, a clutch rotatable idly around the crank shaft in one direction and rotatable in the opposite direction to spin the shaft, a chain engaging the sprocket for rotating the clutch, a lever pivoted on a vertical axis and extending transversely of the vehicle, a pull rodconnect'ed at one end to one end of said lever and at the opposite end to saidchain, a hand lever pivoted intermediately of its ends on a horizontal transversely extended axis, above the plane of the first-named lever with the lower end of the hand lever in substantially the same plane as the first-named lever when in normal position, and a connecting rod betweenthelower end of the hand lever and the adjacent end of the first-named lever.

12. In a starter for an automobile explosion engine having a crank shaft, a clutch slidable idly on the crank shaft in one direction and adapted to grip the shaft when rotated in the opposite direction, a chain engaging the clutch, a centrally pivoted transverse lever connected at one end to the chain, a hand lever connected to said transverse lever and movable to place the clutch in gripping position, and afoot leveralso connected to said transverse lever on the opposite side to that to which thehandle'ver is attached, said levers being movable in opposite directions to spin the crank shaft in the same direction. i i u 13. Ina starter for an automobile explosion engine having a crank shaft, a clutch slidablearound the crank shaft in one direc tion androtatable in the opposite direction to spin the shaft, a chain for rotating said clutch, a footboard, a transverse lever connected at one end to the chain, a hand lever connected to the transverse lever, and a foot lever also connected to the transverse lever and normally located in lowered position adj acent to the footboard, said hand lever being movable to set the clutch in gripping position and to simultaneously raise the foot lever whereby the footlever and hand lever may then be moved in opposite direction to spinthe shaft. i i

14. Ina starter foran automobile explosion engine having a crank shaft, a clutch freely rotatable on the crank shaft in one direction and rotatable in the oppositedirection-to spin the shaft, a chain for rotating the clutch, a hand lever for operatin the chain, afoot lever connected to the chain,

said=hand lever being movable to rotate the clutchto gripping position around the crank shaftto tension the spring and raise the foot lever to operative position, whereby the spring, foot lever and hand lever may be utilizedto spinthe shaft through the clutch.

15.In astarter for an automobile explosion engine having a crank shaft, a clutch tween the lower end of the hand lever and the adjacent end of the first-named lever, a spring connected at one end to i l of the hand lever and at its op a fixed part of the vehicle and tending to and a springalso connected to the chain,

draw the upper end of the hand lever toward 3 the operators seat of the vehicle, and a foot lever pivoted intermediate of its ends and connected to the first-named lever on the side of the pivot thereof opposite to the connec} tion ofjthe hand lever thereto, whereby when the hand lever is pushed forwardly the clutch is rotatedto a new gripping position 1 and when the hand lever is returned to normal position the spring and foot lever may be utilized for assisting in spinning the crank shaft. i

16. In a starter for explosion engines, a

clutch adapted tobe coupled with the crank shaft of the engine when turned in one direction, a chain engaging the clutch, a rod connected to the chain, a transverse lever pivoted at one end to the rod, a foot lever pivoted to said end of the transverse lever, and a hand leverpivoted to the opposite end ofthe transverse lever, whereby upon the re' verse movements of the foot lever and hand lever said transverse lever may be shifted to move sa1d rod and draw the chain over the clutch.

17. In a starter for clutch mechanism adapted for connection with the crank shaft of the engine, anintermediately ivoted transverse lever, a pull rod eonnecte'd to one endof ithe lover, a

explosion engines, a i

with the crank shaft of the engine, a transverse lever pivoted intermediate of its ends, a pull rod-connectedto one end of thetrans verse lever, a chain engaging the clutch and connected to the pull rod, a pedal connected to thetransver'selever at one side of the pivot of'the latter, a hand lever connected to the transverse lever-at the opposite side of its pivot, whereby opposite movements of the pedal and hand lever are adapted to swing said-transverse lever and actuate the pull rod for rotating the clutch, and a spring connected: -to one of said levers for constraining "the transverse lever in one direction to hold the pedal and hand leverin the inactive position.-

19. In a starter for explosion engines, a clutch mechanism adapted for connection with-the crankshaft of the engine for rota- "tion in one direction to interlock it with the crankshaft, a transverse lever pivoted intermediateof its ends, a pull rod connected to the lever at one side of its pivot, a chain engaging the clutch and connected with the pull rod, a foot lever connected to one end of the transverse lever, a hand lever connected to the opposite end of the transverse lever, whereby the opposite movements of the foot and hand levers are adapted to swing. the transverse lever in one direction and actuate the pull rod for rotating the clutch, and a spring connected to one of the levers and put under tension by the movement of the same to actuate the transverse lever, said spring being adapted to hold the leversinactive subsequent to'the turning of the crank shaft,

20; In a starter for-explosion engines including a frame for supporting the engine and a crankshaft projectingforwardly from the-engine, a clutch mechanism-adapted for engagement with the crank shaft for rotation in one direction to'interlock the cl-utch'vmechan ism and crank shaft and for rotation in the opposite direction to obtain a new-grip uponthe crankshaft, a bracket mounted'onthe engineand frame and projectingforwardly' into position adjacent tothe clutch, pulleys mounted on'the outer end of 'the--bracl et,- a chain" passed around said clutch and atone-end passed over one of said pulleys, a connecting chain joining the ends of the chain-- and- -passed 'overthe-other pulley;can idler pul ley' carried by-the'rbracket and adapted to receive the intermediate portion of the connecting chain, a pull rod connected at one end to said chains and adapted to be reciprocated to move the chains in opposite directions and rotate the clutch, a transverse lever pivoted intermediate of its ends upon the frame and having one end pivoted to the corresponding end of the pull rod, and means connected to the transverse lever for rocking it in opposite directions to reciprocate the pull rod.

21. In a starter for explosion engines, a clutch for actuating the crank shaft of the engine, a chain for imparting turning move ments to the clutch and including a spring constituting an elastic take-up for the chain to produce a slack portion thereof, and means under the control of an operator for actuating'the chain to in turn actuate the clutch.

22'. In a starter for explosion engines, a clutch for engaging and actuating the crank shaft of the engine, a chain for actuating the clutch, a spring traversed by the chain and connected at opposite ends thereto and constituting an elastic take-up for producing a localized slack in the chain, and means under the control of an operator for actuating the chain to in turn actuate the clutch to impart tarting rotation to the crank shaft.

23. In a starter for explosion engines, a clutch for imparting starting rotation to the crank shaft of the engine, a chain connected to the clutch for oppositely rotating it, said chain including a spring connected at its opposite ends to the chain to produce a localized slack therein, a pull rod connected to the chain for imparting movements thereto in opposite directions, oppositely movable hand and foot levers connected to the pull rod for simultaneously imparting movements in the same direction to the pull rod by oppositely directed movements of the levers, and a spring under the control of the levers for tensioning the spring on movement of the levers in one direction and adapted to actively move the-clutch by the power stored in the spring.

24. In a starter for explosion engines, a clutch comprising a ratchet fast to the crank shaft of the engine, a pawl and carrier therefor rotatable with respect to the ratchet to carry the pawl idly thereover in one direction of rotation and to engage the pawl and ratchet in the opposite direction of rotation, a chain connected to the pawl and windable about the pawl carrier to hold the pawl in engagement with the ratchet in one direction of rotation, and another chain connectedto the pawl carrier and to the first-named chain whereby to turn the pawl carrier inrthe opposite direction.

25.-In,astarter for-explosion engines, a

clutch comprising a ratchet fast to the crank shaft of the engine, a pawl and carrier therefor rotatable with respect to the ratchet to carry the pawl idly thereover in one direction of rotation and to engage the pawl and ratchet in the opposite direction of rotation, a chain connected to the pawl and windable about thepawl carrier to hold the pawl in engagement with the ratchet in one direction of rotation, and, another chain connected to the pawl carrier and to the first-narned chain whereby to turn the pawl carrier in the opposite direction, said second-named chain including a spring traversed by the chain and which spring is 15 as my own, I have hereto afiixed my sig- 2o nature.

CLARENCE P. LANHAM.

Witnesses:

LOUIS'J. DU POOHER, RUTH DUNAS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents.

' Washington, D. 0. 

